ü What role do mutations play in genetic variability? Why is genetic variability an essential component of natural selection / evolution?
Because of mutations, things change within the species. When a mutation is formed, it’s not what the initial plan was for the animal with the genes that was given to them. Therefore, it changes what they might have or look like, and when they mate, that can travel through the different family of that species. Making there much more variety. This is an essential component to natural selection and evolution because whichever species that was able to have the mutation that benefited them will survive. This is like with the white and brown fur animals in a forest. Since white is much more easier to spot in a forest for the flying predators, the animals that were able to have the brown fur will have a more likely chance of surviving, leaving the animals within the forest with white fur more of a chance of dying out since they will be eaten more than the animals with brown hair.
ü How do mutations and environment drive evolution?
Evolution comes from mutations and environments because it is always changing with the mutations from the plants and climate changes as an example. With the changing environment, mutations are necessary for the animals that inhabit the land to survive. This can be found in finches, through natural selection, spreading throughout the entire population. Frame-shift and substitution affect those species. Frame-shift, the addition of nucleotides during protein synthesis, and deletion of nucleotides during protein synthesis (known as insertions and deletions, are 1 that effects species. Mutations can also be subtraction mutations, missense that codes for new amino acid in protein synthesis and silent mutations that codes for the same amino acid in protein synthesis but uses different nucleotides, and nonsense mutations that codes for a stop codon protein synthesis. Along with mutations and environmental changes, the species will evolve. If needed, they will form a whole other species because of those mutations and changing in the environment.
ü How do genetics and the environment work together for the survival of a species?
Genetics change to work with the environment to make survival possible for species. Fish that go to the caves in an ocean, who start further up, have eyes. But once they were down in the dark caves for so long, they stopped using their eyes. It became useless to them. After time, they lost their eyes, putting that energy to somewhere else. Benefiting the species from a new environmental change to help with the survival.
ü How do genes (DNA) explain how different species are related?
Genes come from the parenting animal or cell. When the genes are formed, a gene sequence is formed with it, with the product being protein. If two species are closely related, there gene sequences should be similar, making their proteins similar as well. Even if they do not appear to be the same, the animals can still have similar genes, since only some of the genes actually appear in the phenotype. Scientist use the proteins to study the different species that are related through this.
ü How does DNA reveal information and evidence of evolution?
A cell is “the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.” DNA can be found in the nucleus, where some complex cells can find parts of DNA in the parts of cell structure known as Mitochondria. DNA gives instructions, as an example, to what kind of proteins the cell should produce. There are several different options that they can conclude, depending on the genetic information that is given from the parenting cell. Genotype is those options, the information that will stay inside those cells. Phenotype is what shows up for that organism. So if the parenting organism had brown eyes(D), were the other had blue (r), and blue eyes showed up, the phenotype would be those brown eyes; the genotype would be the blue eyes that that organism can pass on to their offspring for them to have the possibility to gain blue or brown eyes. For the genotype to occur, protein synthesis has to occur as well. Protein Synthesis has two main parts – Transcription and Translation. Transcription is the first to occur, where one strand from the double helix is used as a template to produce the mRNA, or messenger RNA. The mRNA foes to the cytoplasm, where the coding mRNA sequences is unit of three nucleotides called a codon. Translation, happening after, starts with ribosomes binding mRNA to start codon, where it is now tRNA. This is where the amino acids are linked to tRNA, when the end will release a factor that binds to the stop codon, terminating translation and releasing polypeptide from the ribosome. As organisms evolve, this process is different, as for the information. Mutations occur very commonly, giving the species a lot of variety.
Because of mutations, things change within the species. When a mutation is formed, it’s not what the initial plan was for the animal with the genes that was given to them. Therefore, it changes what they might have or look like, and when they mate, that can travel through the different family of that species. Making there much more variety. This is an essential component to natural selection and evolution because whichever species that was able to have the mutation that benefited them will survive. This is like with the white and brown fur animals in a forest. Since white is much more easier to spot in a forest for the flying predators, the animals that were able to have the brown fur will have a more likely chance of surviving, leaving the animals within the forest with white fur more of a chance of dying out since they will be eaten more than the animals with brown hair.
ü How do mutations and environment drive evolution?
Evolution comes from mutations and environments because it is always changing with the mutations from the plants and climate changes as an example. With the changing environment, mutations are necessary for the animals that inhabit the land to survive. This can be found in finches, through natural selection, spreading throughout the entire population. Frame-shift and substitution affect those species. Frame-shift, the addition of nucleotides during protein synthesis, and deletion of nucleotides during protein synthesis (known as insertions and deletions, are 1 that effects species. Mutations can also be subtraction mutations, missense that codes for new amino acid in protein synthesis and silent mutations that codes for the same amino acid in protein synthesis but uses different nucleotides, and nonsense mutations that codes for a stop codon protein synthesis. Along with mutations and environmental changes, the species will evolve. If needed, they will form a whole other species because of those mutations and changing in the environment.
ü How do genetics and the environment work together for the survival of a species?
Genetics change to work with the environment to make survival possible for species. Fish that go to the caves in an ocean, who start further up, have eyes. But once they were down in the dark caves for so long, they stopped using their eyes. It became useless to them. After time, they lost their eyes, putting that energy to somewhere else. Benefiting the species from a new environmental change to help with the survival.
ü How do genes (DNA) explain how different species are related?
Genes come from the parenting animal or cell. When the genes are formed, a gene sequence is formed with it, with the product being protein. If two species are closely related, there gene sequences should be similar, making their proteins similar as well. Even if they do not appear to be the same, the animals can still have similar genes, since only some of the genes actually appear in the phenotype. Scientist use the proteins to study the different species that are related through this.
ü How does DNA reveal information and evidence of evolution?
A cell is “the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.” DNA can be found in the nucleus, where some complex cells can find parts of DNA in the parts of cell structure known as Mitochondria. DNA gives instructions, as an example, to what kind of proteins the cell should produce. There are several different options that they can conclude, depending on the genetic information that is given from the parenting cell. Genotype is those options, the information that will stay inside those cells. Phenotype is what shows up for that organism. So if the parenting organism had brown eyes(D), were the other had blue (r), and blue eyes showed up, the phenotype would be those brown eyes; the genotype would be the blue eyes that that organism can pass on to their offspring for them to have the possibility to gain blue or brown eyes. For the genotype to occur, protein synthesis has to occur as well. Protein Synthesis has two main parts – Transcription and Translation. Transcription is the first to occur, where one strand from the double helix is used as a template to produce the mRNA, or messenger RNA. The mRNA foes to the cytoplasm, where the coding mRNA sequences is unit of three nucleotides called a codon. Translation, happening after, starts with ribosomes binding mRNA to start codon, where it is now tRNA. This is where the amino acids are linked to tRNA, when the end will release a factor that binds to the stop codon, terminating translation and releasing polypeptide from the ribosome. As organisms evolve, this process is different, as for the information. Mutations occur very commonly, giving the species a lot of variety.
ü What physical or behavioral characteristics reveal how living things are related?
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